Describe latitudinal gradients in patterns of biodiversity.

The given graph represents:

Species diversity is higher at lower altitudes than at higher altitudes because at higher altitudes:

Match $M$ and $N$ with the species-area relationship shown in the graphic representation below and choose the correct option.

Describe species-area relationships.

Given below are two statements.
Statement-$I$: Availability of intense sunlight,warmer temperature and higher annual rainfall in the tropics are responsible for species richness of fruit-yielding trees.
Statement-$II$: The variety of frugivorous organisms is more in the tropics as compared to the temperate regions.
In light of the above statements,choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.